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正文 《六韬六卷章节》(第2页/共3页)

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武王问:“面对这种局面应该采取什么办法处置?”

太公答道:“应该埋伏我的材士强弩,并把威力大的战车和骁勇的骑兵配置在左右两翼,伏击地点一般放在距离我主力前后约三里的地方。敌人如果前来追击,就出动我的战车和骑兵,攻击敌人的左右两侧,这样,敌军就会陷于混乱,我逃跑的土卒就会自动停止逃跑。”

武王问:“敌我双方的战车和骑兵相遇,敌众我寡,敌强我弱。敌人前来进攻,阵势整齐,士卒精锐。我要与敌对阵而战,却难以抵挡,应该怎么办?”

太公答道:“在这种情况下

以及勇锐十卒猛烈地攻击敌军,或攻击敌人的正面,或攻击敌人的侧后。这样,敌人虽然众多,也必定会被我打败。”

武王说:“好啊!”

我们在举例子:遭遇战是敌对双方在运动中相遇而发生的战斗,一般可分为预期遭遇战和非预期遭遇战。其特点是:战斗触发时对敌方情况不大明了,组织战斗的时间仓卒,双方都有暴露的翼侧,战斗行动紧张急促,战斗样式转换迅速。遭遇战的基本作战原则是争取主动,先机制敌。在军队运动过程中,组织不间断的侦察,尽可能提前发现敌人。发现敌情后,迅速果断地定下决心,先敌展开,占领有利地形,先敌发起冲击,大胆向敌翼侧实施突击。在非预期遭遇战中,狭路相逢勇者胜。而在预期遭遇战中,应尽量采用佯退诱敌,设置伏兵,诱敌入伏,再行出击战法。鸡父之战中,吴军就是运用这一原则战胜楚军的。

前朝春秋后期,诸侯争霸的重心由黄河流域转移到了长江淮河流域,吴、楚两国展开了长期的争战。周敬王元年(前 519 年),前朝帝王吴王僚率公子光等,兴兵进攻楚国控制的淮河战略要地州来(今安徽凤台)。楚平王闻讯后,即命司马薳越率楚、顿、胡、沈、蔡、陈、许七国联军前往救援,并命令尹子瑕带病督军。吴军见楚联军力量强盛,来势凶猛,遂迅速撤去对州来的包围,将部队转移到钟离(今安徽风阳东北),暂避敌锋,伺机行动。

楚军在进军途中,子瑕病死。楚军失去主帅,士气顿时沮丧低落。司马薳越见状,被迫回狮鸡父(今河南固始东南)。吴公子光听说楚军统帅子瑕身亡,楚联军不战而退,认为这是击破敌人的良机,便向吴王僚建议乘机尾追,奇袭取胜。吴王采纳了他的建议,挥军前进,于古代用兵所忌的晦日七月二十九突然出现在鸡父战场。此举完全出乎楚司马薳越的意料,仓猝之中,他让胡、沈、陈、蔡、顿、许六国军队列为前阵,掩护楚军。吴王以左、中、右三军主力预作埋伏,以不习战阵的三千囚徒为诱兵前往攻击胡、沈、陈诸军。刚一接战,吴诱兵即佯作溃退,胡、沈、陈军见状贸然追击,进入吴军伏击圈。吴军从三面突然出击,很快战胜了胡、沈、陈三国军队,并俘杀胡、沈国君和陈国大夫齧,尔后故意纵俘卒逃走。这些士卒狂奔逃回,口中叫嚷国君己被杀死。许、蔡、顿三国军队见状,顿时军心大乱,阵势不稳。吴军乘胜擂鼓呐喊而进,许、蔡、顿军不战而溃。楚军未及列阵,受到猛烈冲击,迅速溃败。吴军大获全胜,乘胜攻占州来。

此战,吴军以寡敌众,又处于“后据战地而趋战”的不利处境,最后却打了胜仗,原因在于正确地判断了敌情,利用“晦日”不宜作战的传统牙惯,突然出现在战场,示形动敌,诱敌冒进,设伏痛击,乘胜猛攻。而楚军在这次遭遇战中的失利,关键在于士气低落,内部步调不一,对吴军的动向缺乏了解,临阵时指挥笨拙,缺乏机动应变能力,终于导致惨败。真正是“善者以胜,不善者以亡。”

鸟云山兵第四十七

本篇论述了山地防御的战法。首先指出,军队驻扎在山下、山上的弊端:“处山之高,则为敌所栖;处山之下,则为敌所囚。”接着进一步论述了军队驻扎在山上时,应布成鸟云之阵,即控制机动部队、支援各方作战的阵势。其方法是:加强警戒,山的前后左右四面都要派出警戒;凡是敌人有可能侵入的地段,都要派兵把守,并以战车阻绝交通要道和谷口;高树旌旗,加强联络;严阵以待,随时准备战斗。这样,就构成了牢不可摧的“山城”。当敌来攻时,即可将敌人击败。

武王问太公曰:“引兵深入诸侯之地,遇高山磐石,其上亭亭,无有草木,四面受敌,吾三军恐惧,士卒迷惑。吾欲以 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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