正文 《六韬之战略篇章》(第1页/共3页)
萧寒顿了顿语气道:
略地第四十
本篇阐述了攻打城邑的作战方法。有以下凡个要点:一是加强警戒,扼守交通要道,切断敌人外援,这样,城年被围军民便会恐慌不安,敌军最终必会投降。同时警惕敌人假装投降,乘我懈怠发起攻击。二是采取“围师必阙”的方法,诱敌出城突围,乘机予以全歼。三是围城打援,“审知敌人别军所在,及其大城别堡”,严加防备,敌人援兵“必莫敢至”。四是攻克、敌人城池之后,应以“仁义”、“厚德”收揽民心,“无燔人积聚,无坏人宫室”,“降者勿杀,得而勿戮”。这些就是攻城作战的一般原则。
武王问太公曰:“故胜深入,略其地,有大城不可下,其别军守险与我相拒,我欲攻城围邑,恐其别军卒至而击我,中外相合,击我表里,三
军大乱,上下恐骇,为之奈何?”
太公曰:“凡攻城围邑,车骑必远,屯卫警戒,阻其外内。中人绝粮,外不得输。城人恐怖,其将必降。”
武王曰:“中人绝粮,外不得输,阴为约誓,相与密谋,夜出穷寇死战,其车骑锐士,或冲我内,或击我外,士卒迷惑;三军败乱,为之奈何?”
太公曰:“如此者,当分军为三军,谨视地形而处。审知敌人别军所在,及其大城别堡,为之置遗缺之道,以利其心,谨备勿失。敌人恐惧,不入山林,即归大邑。走其别军,车骑远要其前,勿令遗脱。中人以为先出者得其径道,其练卒材士必出,其老弱独在。车骑深入长驱,敌人之军必莫敢至。慎勿与战,绝其粮道,围而守之,必久其日。无燔人积聚,无坏人宫室,冢树社丛勿伐,降者勿杀,得而勿戮、示之以仁义,施之以厚德。令其士民曰:罪在一人。如此,则天下和服。”
武王曰:“善哉!”
武王问太公说:“我军乘胜深入敌国,占领其土地,但还有大城未能攻下,而敌人城外另有一支部队固守险要地形与我军相峙。我想围攻城池,又恐怕其城外部队淬然向我发起攻击,与城内守敌里应外合,对我形成两面夹击之势,以致我全军大乱,官兵恐惧震骇。在这种情况下,应该怎么办?”
太公答道:“凡是攻城围邑之时,应把战车;骑兵配置在离城较远的地方,担任守卫和警戒,以隔断敌人内外之间的联系。这样,城内敌人旷日持久必然粮食断绝,而外面的粮食又不能输入。如此,城内军民就会发生恐慌,守城的敌将必然投降。”
武王问:“城内敌军断粮,城外粮食又不得输入,这时敌人内外暗中互相联系,秘密谋划向外突围,乘着黑夜出城拼命死战,敌人的车骑精锐有的突击我内部,有的进攻我外面,使我军士卒恐惧惶惑,全军大败混乱,应该怎么办?”
太公答道:“遇到这种情况,应把我军分为三部,并根据地形情况审慎屯驻。详细查明敌人城外部队所在的位置以及附近大城别堡的状况,然后为被围敌人留出一条道路,以引诱城内敌军外逃。但须严密戒备,不要让敌人跑掉。由于被围敌人惊恐慌乱,因此突围时不是想逃人山林,就是想撤往另一城邑。这时我军应以一部,首先赶走敌人在城外的部队,以另一部车骑精锐在距城较远的地方,阻止敌人突围的先头部队,不要让他们逃脱。在这种形势下,守城敌军就会误以为其先头部队已突围成功,打通了撤退的通道,其精锐士卒就必定会继续出城外逃,只留下一些老弱士卒在城内。然后用我军的第三部战车和骑兵,深入长驱,插入敌后。如此,敌人守城部队必不敢继续突围。这时我军要格外谨慎,不要急于同敌人交战,只要断绝其粮道,把它围困起来,日子一久,敌人必然投降。攻克城邑之后,不要焚烧其仓库的粮食,不要毁坏城内民众的房屋,不要砍伐坟地的树木和庙祠的丛林,不要杀戮投降的敌军士卒,不要虐待敌人被俘的人员。借此向敌国民众表示仁慈,施加恩惠,并向敌国军民宣布,有罪的只是无道君主一人。这样,天下就会心悦诚服了。”
武王说:“说得太好了!”
火战第四十一
本篇论述了在深草及灌木丛林地带防御敌人火攻的方法。在军队“遇深草蓊秽”之时,又有“天燥疾风之利”,敌人很可能乘机发起火攻。反敌火攻的战法,首先要加强警戒准备,“以云梯、飞楼,远望左右,谨察前后”。发现敌人以火攻我,可提前将我军前后的茂草烧成“黑地”,构成一道防火带,并将强弯材士部署在左右进行防护,即可免受敌人攻的威胁。如果敌人前出至黑地,我军则应结成“四武冲阵”,用强弯护卫两翼,这样虽不能取胜,也不会失败。
武王问太公曰
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