正文 13 商鞅变法(第2页/共3页)
权，确立了土地私有制，促进了封建经济的发展，加强了新兴地主阶级的中央集权制度，增强了军队的战斗力。秦国逐渐成为战国七雄中实力最强的国家，确立了法治的思想。经过变法，秦国出现了“道不拾遗，山无盗贼，家给人足。民勇于公战，怯于私斗，乡邑大治”的局面。】
【任何一次变法维新，都不仅是一种治国方略的重新选择，而且是一种利益关系的重新调整，这也是改革会遭到阻力的真正原因。譬如，商鞅变法中“奖励耕战，实行军功爵制”为平民进入上层打通了通道，使秦国欣欣向荣，日益强大。但却打破了延续几百年的贵族的世袭制，因此得罪了贵族势力。商鞅在秦孝公病重期间，独揽军政大权，也使得秦国内部权力斗争激化。】
评论区
“天下熙熙皆为利来，天下攘攘皆为利往。”
【因此秦孝公死后，公子虔罗织罪名，巫其谋反。这个公子虔，就是前面提到过的太子老师，太子犯法，处罚老师，公子虔被处以劓刑，就是割掉了鼻子。】
公子虔打了一个大大的喷嚏，还好，鼻子还在。
听闻孝公派人去迎接商鞅，他的双眼折射出渗人的寒芒，反正变法之策已悉知，商鞅就不必留下了。他派出亲信埋伏在国都外的小道上，只等商鞅一到便下杀手！
【商鞅逃亡到边关，欲宿客舍，客舍主人不知他是商君，见他未带凭证，告以商君之法，留宿无凭证的客人是要治罪的。商鞅想到魏国去，但魏国因他曾骗擒公子卬，拒绝他入境。】
【商鞅回秦后潜回封邑商於，发动邑兵攻打郑县。秦惠文王派兵征伐，商鞅失败战死。其尸身被处以车裂之刑。商鞅虽然被杀害，但商鞅变法的措施在秦国继续实施了下去，他主张的法家思想也成为秦国占统治地位的政治思想。】
评论区
“商鞅居然是被自己的法律给坑死的。”
“这说明秦国变法之策深入人心啊。”
“真是成也萧何败也萧何。”
刘邦兴味的目光看向萧何，其他人也悄悄注视着萧相。
萧何摸不着头脑：商鞅乃是三百多年前的古人，与我何干……
【不止是秦朝，汉承秦制，将秦朝的法治思想全盘保留了下来，只在具体实施中有所区别。此后两千年封建帝制，都是在秦法的基础上修修补补，从另一个角度实现了“秦法永存”。】
评论区：
“商君籍没，秦法永存！”
“法治虽然严苛，但比人治更公平。”
“我们现代都是依法治国。”
秦孝公：“君已知结局，无怨吗？”
商鞅：“不怨，只有秦国能世代奉行变法之策，只有秦国能让臣千古留名！”
秦孝公：“孤定会给商君留一条退路。”
商鞅：“公如青山，我如松柏，粉身碎骨，在所不惜！”
商鞅见过不少变法的国家，没有哪个变法者能有个好下场，更甚者，人亡政息，变法之策中途夭折，那才是真的死不瞑目。
秦始皇：又是汉承秦制，秦朝的法律既然没有错，为何会亡国！
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