正文 第四十一章 科研重点(第2页/共3页)
黏土和铁矿这山中都不缺,生产难度也不大,只需三个生产流程。第一步是把石灰石和黏土一起磨成生料。第二步把生料煅烧至部分或全部熔融,这个产物叫做熟料。第三步就是把熟料和铁粉或者是铁矿渣一起碾磨混合即可生产出水泥。
近期重点的第二项是改进炼钢炉技术。重点是改进鼓风设备,现有的设备是人力拉羊皮风箱,出风量小且所需人力多。下一步要考虑采用水力拉动的鼓风设备,并吹入加热后的风,这会提升炉温,使炼出的钢铁质量更好。同时,还要试验使用萤石作为高炉炼钢的溶剂,现在琉璃坝是用石灰石作为溶剂。欧阳轩为解决众人“知其然,不知其所以然”的问题,还在相关清单下写下了详细的说明,如在溶剂条目写下了作用:石灰石可以使铁水中的杂质附着在其中,形成氧化渣便于清理,利于铁水纯净;萤石则是助熔剂,加入炉内后使熔点降低,缩短的冶炼时间,同时去除钢中的杂质。
近期重点的第三项是研制火枪管。火枪各部件制造难度最大的,反而是看似简单的枪管。原因主要是枪管不能像火炮一样铸造,而只能通过卷管法、切削法和挤压法生产。但卷管法为手工制作,生产效率奇低,一个熟练的工匠一个月也造不了几根,且制造出来的枪管尺寸不一。而切削法则需要机床,即在枪管坯料上钻一条笔直的孔,然后伸进一根车刀,一点点的拉出膛线。这样生产方式虽然还是慢,但比卷管法快了不少,由于有膛线,子弹的精度也高。至于挤压法除了机床外还需要挤压装置,当前不具备研究条件。故欧阳轩的思路是先用最简单的卷管法生产少量的枪管,下一步再用切削法批量生产枪管。
远期研究重点第一项是规模制作硫酸和硝酸技术。制作硫酸的原料很多,除了山中的硫磺矿外,还可以从铁矿中和煤中收集二氧化硫气体,混入过量的空气、水蒸气后,通入耐腐蚀的铅室,变成稀硫酸。现在山中没有铅矿,但可以用大陶瓷缸来代替铅室。至于硝酸因为有火硝矿,只需要按欧阳轩所写的方法摸索出生产流程和工艺即可。
远期研究重点第二项是烧碱的制作。烧碱制作也很简单,只需硫酸钠与木炭、石灰石在炉中共热。炉中硫酸钠与木炭作用后生成硫化钠和一氧化碳,接着硫化钠与石灰石进行反应,生成碳酸钠和硫化钙,提纯后便可得到烧碱(碳酸钠)。写这项时欧阳轩告诉站在身边的杜大全,山外平原的地下蕴藏着极为丰富的硫酸钠矿,这让杜大全一脸纳闷。但欧阳轩告诉他硫酸钠另外一个名字时,杜大全才恍然大悟:“是了,离横原不远的义兴乡便出产这芒硝,这也是一味中药,价格也极为便宜。”
远期研究重点第三项是火药改良。相比现代火药,黑火药的爆炸威力小多了。在邛州购买到了棉布,再生产出硫酸和硝酸后,便就可以研制无烟火药和硝酸甘油等现代火药了。另外就是手雷和炮弹触发技术改良,离不开雷酸汞的制作,这也是研究所需要学习和关注的技术。
远期研究重点第四项十分重要却与工
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