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零点看书吧 > 穿越小说 > 大明王朝1587 > 正文 第四十四章 养马与造反不可兼得

正文 第四十四章 养马与造反不可兼得(第1页/共3页)

徐泰时坐定了下来,朝着皇帝微笑致意道,

“此三策皆出自洪武、永乐两朝之旧制,我朝马政,原乃取长于唐之牧监、宋之保马,折衷而来,如今牧监已除,保马不行,足可见养马之难矣。”

朱翊钧首先问道,

“不知洪武、永乐两朝旧制有何不足之处?”

徐泰时回道,

“我朝建国之初,太祖皇帝命应天、庐州、镇江、凤阳等府,滁、和等州民养马。”

“定制乃江北以便水草,一户养马一匹;江南民十一户养马一匹,每一百匹为一群,群设群头,群副掌之,牝马岁课一驹,牧饲不如法,至缺驹、损毙者,责偿追赔之。”

朱翊钧闻言便道,

“国初百废待兴,江南、江北分派养马,仅作权宜之计,然江北一户与江南十一户同等视之,则势必劳役不均。”

徐泰时点头道,

“彼时我寺以‘群牧监’时时巡行,视马肥瘠而劝惩小民,是故虽则劳役不均,但马匹肥足,少有缺驹倒毙之情形。”

徐泰时说到此处,有些意味深长地冲皇帝笑了一下,道,

“蒙元马政,便是划定牧区、随水草而牧,因民间以户养马,故而设立监群,只是监群与所在府州无隶属关系,而养马民户则是府州下辖之编户。”

“蒙元百姓于养马之余,田租正赋却不能免除,养马民户身兼二役,苦不堪言。”

“是而太祖皇帝定鼎天下后,于洪武二十八年尽裁太仆寺群牧监,转由管牧州县督办管理。”

徐泰时采用了模糊时间线的方式,成功地把明初养马民户苦不堪言的责任推卸到了元朝头上。

朱翊钧却听出了这番话的重点,徐泰时是在借蒙元告诉自己,如果让太仆寺绕过府州县直接去监管养马民户,那就会出现明初养马户一户充两差,百姓为朝廷养了马却还要为有司提供差役的情况。

因为府州县和太仆寺互不隶属,倘或要佥派民牧,那这两个行政系统肯定会在地方上产生争夺劳役人口的矛盾。

这种矛盾会直接导致养马民户赋役过重,连开国之初的朱元璋也无法解决,只能撤销太仆寺的群牧监,将太仆寺的部分权力和责任转移到州县头上。

朱翊钧想起了被州县基层官僚逼至破产、甚至造反的李自成父子,不禁产生了一个动物学方面的疑问,

“朕居于深宫,不通外情,还想请教徐卿,若于寻常年月,无饥无荒,这百姓民牧,一年究竟可产多少匹马?”

朱翊钧念及“牝马岁课一驹”是朱元璋在洪武六年亲自提出的养马办法,怕徐泰时忌讳祖宗旧制不敢说实话,于是又补充道,

“譬如去岁顺义王送与四位辅臣的良马,倘或寄养于苏州,一年可否交课一驹?”

徐泰时虽然坐拥几座苏州园林,但是提及本职,他对业务还是相当精通的,

“据臣所知,普通马的妊娠期约三百三十天,发情周期当为十天,发情四天至五天时,为最适当交配期。”

“虽然牝马产后七至十一天即发情,可以进行交配,但一般情形,却不容易受孕。”

朱翊钧立刻反应道,

“那也就是说,这一年课一驹,有的马在某一时期或许可能,但将所有牝种马都依此计算成为通则而课驹,事实上即不可能。”

徐泰时仍是风度翩翩,绝不说祖宗的一个“不”字,

“是,因此在洪武初年,太祖皇帝为除蒙元苛政,或是免除马户徭役,或是赐予宝钞以减免养马人户重负,实在可谓是用心良苦。”

朱翊钧听罢便觉得李自成的造反和吴三桂的降清都是有道理的。

按照马的习性,即使是交给专业人士豢养,在食料充足、有相应政策减免赋税的情形下,一年都不一定能产得一匹合格的马,何况是在饥荒遍地、赋役沉重的晚明呢?

历史上的李自成深通马性,他见到自己父亲因未完成朝廷佥派下来的不可能完成的任务而饱受刁难,甚至追赔破产,心中焉能不恨?

这战马的养饲周期如此之长,养育成本又如此之高,即使是像吴三桂这样的军阀,也不可能在失去大后方支援之时,令手下的五千匹战马忽然就地再生产出另外两千五百匹。

“李守忠们”被破产了,“李自成们”也 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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