正文 96宦官专权(第1页/共3页)
元帝即位之后,大司马车骑将军史高以外戚总领尚书事务,萧望之与周堪二人为副。萧望之前为太子太傅,周堪为少傅,二人都蒙元帝宠任,不时进见陈述治道。萧望之与周堪又选取宗室中学问道德兼备的刘更生荐为给事中,与侍中金敞并在左右,四人同心辅政,劝导元帝遵守古制,朝廷当时清平无事。
惟史高以外戚辅政,起初还自知材短甘心退让。后来有位无权,国柄在萧、周二人掌握,又得金、刘赞助,史高不过是随同画押,毫无实权,因此心中不悦,渐与二人结下嫌隙。于是也找到二人联络,以为抵制之法。
此二人都是宦官,一为沛郡人弘恭,一为济南人石显。二人因事受了宫刑,入宫为中黄门。其时霍山领尚书事。宣帝恐其专权,遇有外来文书便命弘恭、石显取入阅看。及霍氏被灭,宣帝便拜弘恭为中书令,石显为仆射,是为汉朝宦官干政之始。
但宣帝为人精明御下甚严,而且事必躬亲权不旁落,所以二人虽然久掌枢机,却也不敢作弊。
及元帝即位,开始信任儒生。每遇会议政事,萧望之多采用古制不依法令;而弘恭、石显但知援引成例,与望之等议论不合。元帝往往听从萧望之。弘恭、石显所议不用,自然怨恨萧望之。
却说有一个待诏名叫华龙,听说弘恭、石显正在想法排挤萧望之,于是连忙写成一书。书中说是萧望之与周堪、刘更生秘密计议,意欲罢免车骑将军史高,离间许、史诸人。书既写成,等到萧望之出外休沐之日便诣阙奏闻。
元帝看罢上书,发交弘恭、石显查问。两人奉命查讯,萧望之勃然道:“外戚在位骄奢不法,臣欲匡正国家不敢宽容,此外并无歹意。”弘恭、石显当即复报,备述萧望之言语。并劾奏道:“萧望之、周堪、刘更生结为朋党互相称举,屡次谗诉大臣毁离亲戚,为臣不忠诬上不道,意欲专擅权势,请即召致廷尉。”元帝不知召致廷尉即是下狱,以为是召到廷尉处对质,就答了一个可字,恭、显立即传旨,饬拿萧望之、周堪、刘更生下狱。
过了数日,元帝有事找周堪、刘更生,乃使内侍往召,内侍答称二人下狱,元帝大惊道:“何人敢使二人下狱?”弘恭、石显慌忙跪答道:“前日曾蒙陛下准奏,方敢遵行。”元帝作色道:“汝等但言召致廷尉,并未说及下狱,怎得妄拘?”元帝年已及壮,尚不知召致廷尉就是下狱,庸愚可知。弘恭、石显听了连忙俯伏在地,免冠叩头谢过,也不争辩一语。元帝见他二人赔个小心,又不忍责备,但说道:“放他三人出狱照旧视事。”弘恭、石显奉命唯唯退出。
二人退至外廷秘密议道:“我等用尽心机设下计策,方得将此辈下入狱中。今主上下令放出复其旧职,我等前功尽弃,而且此辈既出必然算计报复,难保将来不受其祸。但我等刚受主上诘责,未敢上言谏阻,须请车骑将军入见主上,如此如此进说一番,或可望主上依允。”二人计议已定,便请史高到来说了一遍。史高立即入见元帝道:“陛下即位未久,未有德化闻于天下,便将师傅及九卿大夫下狱考验;今又无故将其放出,赏罚不定惹人议论。臣意不如趁此将诸人免官,也可遮掩过失。”元帝听他所言不错,便下诏将萧望之、周堪、刘更生免为庶人。弘恭等见计得行,心中自然欢喜。
事有凑巧,萧望之等人既已免官,是年三月忽然地震,元帝心中恐惧。加上即位以来关东连年遇灾,人民穷困流亡入关,上书言事之人都说是大臣不称职所致。此时于定国为丞相,陈万年为御史大夫,被责恐惧便想告退。元帝又想召用萧望之。
萧望之见元帝复行召用,得知前次无故免官并非帝意,皆由弘恭、石显、许史等播弄而成,因
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