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零点看书吧 > 穿越小说 > 大秦:开局成为墨家钜子 > 正文 第一百六十八章:创新者生,守旧者亡

正文 第一百六十八章:创新者生,守旧者亡(第1页/共3页)

“强国亦有各种强法,如今天下强国有三,魏国、齐国、楚国,君上以为哪一国可堪楷模?”

秦献公微微摇头:“敢请先生指教。”

江寒接着说道:“魏国乃甲兵财货之强,齐国乃明君吏治之强,楚国为地广人众之强。”

秦献公喟然长叹:“与三强不相上下,嬴师隰此生足矣!”

江寒摇头笑道:“上述三强,皆非根本强国,不足效法。”

秦献公感到惊讶了,他此生的目标就是要恢复穆公时代的霸业,夺回河西,与东方诸侯一争高下。

按照这样的目标,达到魏齐楚三国的强盛,应当就是满足了,而江寒居然说上述三国不足效法,口气之大,当真是蔑视天下。

于是他谦恭地拱手道:“先生之言,使人气壮,尚请详加拆解。”

江寒面色肃然,侃侃而论:“这三种强国范式之根本弱点,在于只强一时,不强永远,只强其表,不强根本。”

“魏国在文侯时代是蒸蒸日上,真正强盛,自魏击称王,魏国便会每况愈下,逐渐衰落。”

“齐国是吸纳人才,奉行吏治,遇明君则强,三代之后必然衰弱。”

“楚国则自楚悼王以后,一直是外强中干,不堪真正一击。”

“此中根源何在?其一,变法不深彻。”

“李悝助魏文侯变法,以废除井田、奖励农耕、兴旺田业为主,疏忽了封地军制、吏制、爵制、国制、民制之全面变法。”

“齐国则更是粗浅的整军治吏之变法,没有深彻地再造翻新。”

“楚国之变法,因吴起惨死而中途夭折,对旧世族只有些许触动,更休提深彻二字。”

“其二,法令不稳定,没有留下一个国家应当长期信守的铁律,前代变法,后代复辟,根基不稳,必然是兴也勃焉,亡也忽焉。”

“有此两大缺憾,岂能强大于永远?又岂能成大业于千秋?唯其如此,三强国不足以效法,秦国要强大,就要从根本上强盛!”

秦献公被这一番江河直下的理论强烈震撼,微微颔首:“敢问先生,根本强大,将欲如何?”

江寒便从春秋时代的新政变法讲起,逐一介绍了郑国子产的田制新政、齐国管仲的经济统制、越国文种聚集国力的新政、鲁国宣公的初税亩新政、晋国的赐田减税、秦国简公的初租禾等主要新政。

江寒道:“大要而言,春秋三百年,新政围绕田制与税制之变化发生,然皆为粗浅,无一巩固,反倒被新政激起的巨浪吞没。此即推行新政的郑国、齐国(姜齐)、晋国相继灭亡之根本所在。”

边听边想,秦献公额头上不禁渗出晶晶细汗,江寒又讲述了战国以来魏国的李悝变法,楚国的吴起变法,对变法的内容、特点、嬗变及其结局,都做了鞭辟入里的解说和预测。

说完其他国家,江寒开始剖析秦国的制度:“秦国旧制,弊有其三,第一,以王道为本,杂以零碎新政,民无以适从。”

“秦在立国之初,对周室礼制王道略加变通而治民,穆公时以百里奚治国,力行德治,又引进旧楚国若干法令。”

“秦简公时行‘初租禾’新政,摈弃旧制,然时日无多,又恢复旧制,时至今日,秦国仍是春秋旧制,距离战国新法差距甚大,这种旧制,只能治民于小争之世,而不能强国于大争之世。”

秦献公疑惑问道:“秦法之弊若此,百里奚何以助穆公称霸诸侯?”

江寒解释道:“百里奚治秦,全赖一贤之力临机处置,无法令规制为后世遵守,此乃人治,绝非法治。”

“所以穆公百里奚之后,秦国陷入四代混乱而沦为弱国,若百里奚有法可守,何以秦国百余年不能振兴穆公霸业,反倒尽失河西之地,从函谷关退缩到栎阳?”

这番话诘难犀利,毫不忌讳地指责秦国历代国君视为神圣的秦穆公与百里奚,论理却是堂堂正正,让秦献公虽然尴尬,却无言以对。

“第二弊呢?敢请高论。”秦献公再问。

“秦国旧制第二弊,法无要领,奖罚不明。世族有罪不罚,庶民有功不赏,农人耕有余依然贫困,军士战有功依然无爵,如此,奋勇为国之正气如何激扬?”

秦献公再次点头,秦国朝堂之上尽皆是世族后裔,并无庶民有功而加爵受赏成 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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