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零点看书吧 > 穿越小说 > 大明王朝1587 > 正文 第二十一章 朕用海商来对付漕帮

正文 第二十一章 朕用海商来对付漕帮(第2页/共3页)

p; 张诚道,

“原来漕军的确有赡运田、有固定的月粮,还有行粮和轻赍银以及少量的赏钞,可自世宗皇帝时起,轻赍银便已归入太仓,不再补给漕军。”

“再加上正统以后,赡运田也纳粮如故,不再优免,行粮、月粮不是被扣减,就是被充作造船料银,各官府差役过帮,都有索费。”

“皇爷别看这漕军有十二万人,其实有不少都是后来从造船、屯种、杂差中添拨的余丁,或是雇募的民船民夫、替官户承佃的舍余、沿河的船户,抑或是土人、渔民、商贩以及运官自带的家丁和军伴。”

“这些人要么是各州县强征来服役的普通百姓,要么是已经倾家荡产、入不出敷的漕丁,倘或皇爷开恩,他们继续漕运或许还有的口饭吃。”

轻赍银是正兑漕粮外需要收受的额外加耗费用,一般折银征收,一部分用作沿途大小官吏盘剥的费用,一部分用作补充漕粮运输过程中的损耗。

当漕粮运到京师仓库时,如果漕粮准额运到,则将轻赍银的一部分补给各总漕军,后来却被收归太仓,作为朝廷税收的一部分,再也不补贴漕军了。

朱翊钧听得出张诚的意思,太仓的这部分收入是附加在八省大小官吏盘剥之后的,倘或没了漕运,朝廷的税收也会受影响。

正是因为朝廷是最后的既得利益者,因此不到万不得已之时,谁都不会提出要去改革漕运。

历史上大明最后一次改漕运为海运是崇祯十二年,那时却已是为时已晚。

朱翊钧笑了一笑,点出张诚话中的逻辑矛盾道,

“既然这些漕丁本就受制于漕运,甚至因漕运而倾家荡产,那他们怎么会反倒会跟着那些官吏去维护漕运呢?”

张诚淡笑道,

“皇爷,这漕丁倾家荡产,和漕丁维护漕运的道理是一样的。”

“为保四百万漕粮足额到京,一旦运粮船只沉没,或是漕粮纳仓不足米数,则要漕丁买粮赔补,漕丁若是稍有不慎,往往则借欠债积。”

“因此许多漕丁为补家用,常常揽运货物,沿途交易,以期厚报。”

从朱元璋时期开始,漕军就能在运粮官船内附载己物,以资私用,这显然是吸取了元朝的教训,出于安抚漕运官军的考虑,才准许漕军私货贸易。

其实从经济学的角度来说,这种私货贸易可以算得上是大运河对百姓的唯一一项好处。

因为漕军携带的私货相当于变相的免税商品,朝廷对这部分交易几乎不收商税,运河沿岸的城市便随之出现了集市和商贸中心。

万历年间的户部给漕军的定额是每船只能附带六十石私货,按照晚明一万二千只的漕船数目来算,那么运河沿岸的城镇每年起码能流通七十二万石的免税商品。

利润如此可观,也难怪漕丁们不肯放弃漕运这项苦差了。

张诚又道,

“皇爷,漕运乃百万漕工衣食所系,并非虚言。”

“漕丁于每年十二月就要到各水次仓接收漕粮,次年四、五月份启运至京,一直到十月份才能回空,修整不到一月,又要去接新的漕运任务。”

“除了在运粮之时沿途贸易私货,他们再无其他办法补贴家用,倘或皇爷改了海运,这些漕丁漕工虽然没了负担,但同时也没了生计。”

朱翊钧道,

“你说得这些朕都知道,听说这些沿岸生意做大了的漕丁还结成了‘漕帮’,本事也不比那八省的大小官吏小。”

张诚道,

“他们结成‘漕帮’,其实是为了应付运河沿途盘验的官吏,这船上的货带得多了,运来的粮米就少了,因此一旦漕军违规载物,则就地没收货物并 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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