正文 《六韬二》(第2页/共3页)
同享用的，就是仁爱。仁爱所在，天下之人就会归附。免除人们的死亡，解决人们的苦难，消除人们的祸患，解救人们的危急，就是恩德。恩德所在，天下之人就会归附。和人们同忧同乐，同好同恶的，就是道义。遭义所在，天下之人就会争相归附。人们无不厌恶死亡而乐于生存，欢迎恩德而追求利益，能为天下人谋求利益的，就是王道。王道所在，天下之人就会归附。”
文王再次拜谢后说：“先生讲得太好了。我怎敢不接受上天的旨意！”
于是，把太公请上猎车，一起回到国都，并拜他为师。
“天下非一人之天下，乃天下之天下也。同天下之利者则得天下，擅天下之利者则失天下”，这是《文师》篇提出的一个重要观点。商朝的灭亡和周朝的兴起从正反两个方面证明了这一论断的正确。
前朝商朝末期，由于奴隶主贵族阶级对奴隶和平民进行残酷的剥削和压迫，阶级矛盾日益尖锐。特别是纣王帝辛，更是暴虐淫侈，他自恃才智，大兴土木，营造离官别馆。调动了许多奴隶，修建方圆三里、高达千余尺的鹿台，里面装满了从全国各地搜刮来的金银财宝；同时又修建了一个大仓库，把从各地搜刮来的粮食全部装在里面。纣王对都城雄伟的宫殿还不满意，又在南到朝歌北到邯郸的范围年，修建了许多高耸入云的离宫别墅，投放很多珍禽异兽。还“以酒为池，悬肉为林”，过着极其奢侈腐朽的生活。商纣的例行逆施，激起了广大奴隶和平民的刻骨仇恨。为了镇压奴隶和平民的反抗，商
纣制订了许多酷刑苛法。著名的炮烙之刑就是其中之一。该刑是先用铜做成大圆柱子，上面涂油，用火烧热，然后让犯人在又热又烫的铜柱上爬行。再如醢刑，就是把人剁成肉酱。还有一种脯刑，将犯人割成一条一条晒成肉干。纣王的残暴，激起了全国人民更加强烈的反抗。纣王的叔父比干见他昏庸无度，国势危殆，冒死劝谏，劝他修善行仁，被纣王剖腹验心。许多大臣看见商己无可挽救，纷纷逃亡。纣王众叛亲离，成了独夫民贼，整个社会出现了“如蜩如螗，如沸如羹，小大近丧”的混乱局面。
与日薄西山、摇摇欲坠的前商王朝形成鲜明对照的是，前朝商的西方属国周的国势正如日当中，蒸蒸日上。特别是文王姬昌即位后，“阴谋修德以倾商政”，暗中积蓄力量，积极准备推翻商朝。在政治经济上修德行善，裕民富国，广罗人才，发展生产，造成了“耕者九一，仕者世禄、关市饥而不征，泽粱无禁，罪人不孥”的清明政治局面。他采取的“笃仁、敬老、慈少、礼下贤”的政策，赢得了民众的广泛拥护，从而使局的势力迅速壮大。文王逝世后，他的儿子武王继承乃父遗志，遵循既定的方针。在作好一切准备后，向商发动了进攻。在牧野击败商军，商朝土崩瓦解，纣王见大势已去，在鹿台举火自焚，落了个死无葬身之地的可耻下场。商朝六百年的统治宣告结束，在商的废墟上，一个新兴的王朝周朝诞生了。
盈虚：乃第二节（盈虚，意为盛衰。本篇阐明了国家的治乱兴衰，不是由天命决定的，而在于国君的贤明与否。如果国君贤明，自然“国安而民治”，否则就会“国危而民乱”，接着以前世贤君帝尧为例，进一步阐明要达到“国安而民治”的目的，作为国君必须做
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