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正文 第20章 怎一个愁字了得(第1页/共3页)



甲申年岁暮,乘友人相邀去济南讲学之机,游了一趟趵突泉公园。园内有李清照纪念馆,在趵突泉东。此前,有好事者认为这纪念馆就是李清照的故居,大肆喧染。其依据是清初担任过户部侍郎的田雯的一首诗《柳絮泉访李易安故宅》。诗六句:

跳波溅客衣,演漾回塘路;

清照昔年人,门外垂杨树;

沙禽一只飞,独向前洲去。

此诗之前,不见任何典籍记载李清照的故居在此。此诗之后,倒是有不少好事者步田雯后尘,来这里寻访易安遗踪。寻胜者无可指摘,但传讹却不大好。于中航先生专门写了一篇文章对故宅说提出质疑并给予否定,言之有据。故宅说因而寝息。这座修建于清代的李清照故居也就更名为纪念馆。李清照是济南人,在趵突泉之侧为之保留一座纪念馆,彰其胜事,则是地方上的明举。

纪念馆是一座庭院式建筑,我徜徉其中,正值薄暮。甲申年的天气有些反常,夏天酷热,北方的几座城市如西安、北京等成了火炉;冬天奇冷,南方的城市如长沙、贵阳等,都下起了暴雪。冬夏之间的秋天,较之往年,也延长了许多。我是大寒之后到达济南的,可是处处残留的,还是晚秋景象。这纪念馆中的柳色,欲黄还绿;馆前的泉水,喷涌如夏。更有那柔和的疏透的晚雾,给人以淡泊的宁静的诗境。触景生情,我的脑海里浮出了李清照的词句:“花自飘零水自流,一种相思,两处闲愁。此情无计可消除,才下眉头,却上心头。”

这是李清照早期作品《一剪梅》中的后半阙,表现的是最适宜怀春的少妇的幽怨。虽是闲愁,乃是因为我觉得闲愁应该是所有女诗人的最好的营养。可是这位李清照,却因为晚年耽于家国之痛,而坠入至深至大的“真愁”之中。孤苦其心,憔悴斯人。闲愁可以万斛,真愁却如毒药,只要来那么一滴,就足以使之香消玉殒了。



李清照出身于官宦之家,用今天的话讲,属于“高干子弟”。父亲李格非的官做到了礼部侍郎,相当于今天的副部级。公公赵挺之更是做到了宰相职位。她的夫君赵明诚是太学生出身,后来也入仕为官,最后的职务是江宁知府。级别虽不及父辈,毕竟也属高官之列。在中国历史上,“高干子弟”几乎是纨绔的代名字,而所谓太平盛世,也无不弥漫着纵欲与享乐的腐败气息。这一点,即便是到了二十一世纪的今天,似乎也无法改变。统治者的奢侈生活,助长了整个社会的莺歌燕舞与纸醉金迷。置身其中,很少有人会想到他们的好景不长,更不相信他们所有的美梦有被颠覆的危险。

就说南唐的李后主吧,当他置身在“梦里不知身是客,一晌贪欢”的享乐中,却怎么也没有想到,他后来的结局是“最是仓皇辞庙日,两行清泪对宫娥”。

北宋的徽宗时代,是赵家天下由盛转衰的分水岭。此前一百多年,在六位皇帝的统治下,可谓“太平日久,人物繁阜。垂髻之童,但习歌舞;斑白之老,不识干戈。”赵明诚与李清照夫妇,便是在这样一种歌舞升平的环境下出生并成长。但是,自宋神宗时代开始,深刻的社会危机实际上已经产生。因王安石的变法引起了朝廷文官集团的新旧党派之争。在哲宗、徽宗年间达到水火不容的程度。李格非是苏东坡门下文士,被列入元祐党籍,在蔡京上台后被削职。赵挺之虽是新党,并位列右相,终因得罪蔡京而罢官,并于死后受到陷害。父辈的政治恩仇,无疑会给赵、李夫妇留下心灵的创伤与生活的坎坷。但这时的坎坷,还不会使他们真正体会到人世的险恶与艰难。因此,他们还能保持自己做人的尊严。

值得肯定的是,李清照与赵明诚,虽然都出身在官宦之家,却一点也不纨绔。史书记载“赵李族寒,素贫贱”。我理解为赵李两家虽是高官,却非豪门。赵挺之、李格非两人均于《宋史》中有列传,皆无贪贿之名,而有文章行世。李格非的《洛阳名园记》,至今仍为人称道。据说,李格非的妻子即李清照的生母王氏,是文学家王拱辰的孙 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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