正文 亚历山大(第1页/共4页)
刘叔去往藏书区继续托勒密图书馆里的藏书,这里藏书多是描写波斯帝国和亚历山大帝国。
波斯帝国又叫阿契美尼德王朝,波斯人曾经被亚述王国统治,米底王国、吕底亚王国、新巴比伦王国最终合力灭掉了亚述王国,瓜分了亚述王国的全部领土,米底王国分得了波斯高原。一百年后居鲁士二世领导被压迫的波斯人发动起义,反抗米底王国对于波斯人的无道统治,经过无数次残酷的战斗,最终波斯人灭掉了米底王国,正式建立了波斯王国。居鲁士二世先征服了吕底亚王国,又灭掉巴比伦王国,自称大帝,世界之王,最后在草原上与游牧民族马萨革泰人的战斗中战死,波斯军队几乎全军覆没,他的头颅被马萨格泰女王割下,放进盛满血的革囊里。
其子冈比西斯二世上台统治,二世又征服埃及王国,俘获其国王普萨美提克三世。后来大流士一世统治时期,波斯帝国疆域继续扩展,击败了马其顿王国,成为疆域无比辽阔的大帝国,并以琐罗亚斯德教做为国教。拜火教文献经典《波斯古经》记载国王费里顿有三个儿子,大儿子图尔、二儿子萨勒姆和小儿子雅利安,国王在年迈之际三分帝国,大儿子图尔统辖东部,演化成了图尔人;二儿子萨勒姆统辖西部,是罗马人的祖先;小儿子雅利安执掌中南部,演化成了伊兰人,是雅利安人的祖先。
刘叔看到这里心想原来身毒的雅利安人和罗马人,图兰人原先是一家。
强大的波斯帝王大流士一世去世后,其子薛西斯一世开始统治,一世欲渡过博斯普鲁斯海峡,进攻希腊城邦,却惨败,于是波斯帝国和希腊城邦签署卡里阿斯和约,波斯帝国承认爱琴海东岸希腊城邦的独立。直到马其顿王国国王亚历山大三世渡过博斯普鲁斯海峡,进攻波斯帝国,最后大流士三世在巴克特里亚被杀,200多年历史的波斯帝国终结。这些都写在一本《历史》上,作者是希腊的希罗多德,此书以希波战争为主线,讲述了各地的地理、历史和传说,其中刘叔又看到了巴比伦塔庙的描写。
马其顿的祖先原本只是一群部落,依附于波斯帝国,波斯帝国薛西斯一世在位时马其顿被迫去攻打希腊。摄政王腓力二世当政后苦心经营,马其顿很快成为强大国家,他建立起一支忠于自己的常备军,创造了具有极强打击力的马其顿方阵,其核心是贵族出钱组成的重装骑兵。马其顿的重装步兵也是独步天下,装备一杆长矛,所列阵形纵深最多达32列。最后腓力二世被波斯帝国派来的刺客杀死在他女儿的婚礼上。亚历山大——腓力二世的儿子,当年年仅20岁就继位,并以权谋和武力镇压住了希腊人反马其顿运动。
亚历山大师从希腊学者亚里士多德,最喜欢的书是《伊利亚特》,他一心想向阿喀琉斯学习,创下辉煌的伟绩。于是亚历山大率领35000人的大军和160艘战舰,开始了远征东方的行动。亚历山大率军在伊苏斯平原打败大流士三世亲率的10万余波斯军,又派手下大将攻占了大马士革,自己率领士兵攻下了推罗城
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