正文 第五十章,塘沽协定(第1页/共3页)
唐聚五和江强还有就是王亚樵郭小六他们一起研究,准备对青海动手的事情,这个时候江强把青海的马步芳的情况讲给大家听,马步芳字子香,回族,甘肃临夏人。甘陕回变首领马海宴之孙,马麒之子,马步青是其兄长。1928年后,任副旅长、旅长、师长。中原大战前后,马麒、马步芳一面暗中活动,大肆扩军;一面积极搜集委员长与冯玉祥、阎锡山双方的情报,两面下注。交战初期,马麒派马步芳率骑兵一旅随冯军进军陕西,并以“前防接济费”名义向冯每月勒索“军饷”五万元。
1930年9月东北军入关,冯、阎失利,马麒父子立即拥护委员长反冯。马步芳以在西宁组成的青海暂编第一师为资本,布置对南京政府余部的进攻;又征得委员长书面同意,参加追剿马仲英部的战斗。先以所属第九混成旅第一团由西宁开凉州。1931年又亲率部众,自西宁经门源、扁都口进占甘州和肃州。马仲英被迫退出敦煌、安西、玉门,后进入新疆。同年7月,马麒病死,经马步芳等人软硬兼施,南京国民政府遂改变由王玉堂继任的初衷,发表马麟为青海省省长,任马步芳为新编第九师师长。1932年1月马步芳又兼青海省政府委员,旋又兼青海南部边区警备司令。当时胡宗南的南京政府军第一师进驻天水,有收复青海的意向。马步芳感到压力,遂挑起“青藏战争”,大造舆论,致使委员长不得不委令马步芳出兵打退藏军。胡宗南收复青海的计划也只好搁置。
北平军分会代委员长何应钦,于1933年6月发表孙殿英为“青海西区屯垦督办”,发给10万元开拔费,令其到“青海西部柴达木地区”去屯垦。为此,南京政府行政院还特意通过了《青海西区屯垦督办公署组织条例草案》。孙殿英欣然率部前往。孙殿英率6万人的军队西进青海的消息,使青海军阀马麟、马步芳叔侄受到极大震动。马麟正任青海省省长,与其侄新编第9师师长马步芳、新编骑兵第2师师长马步青盘踞青海及甘肃河西走廊,人称“青马”。马鸿逵正任宁夏省省长兼第15路军总指挥,与其堂兄第35师师长马鸿宾据有宁夏,人称“宁马”。而孙殿英进军西北,宁夏首当其冲,宁夏省省长马鸿逵由于害怕孙殿英使用“假途灭虢”之计,也于此时发出拒绝假道宁夏、抗议孙殿英部西进的通电。“宁马”和“青马”之间,青马内部马麟与马步芳叔侄之间,马步芳与马步青兄弟之间也常常争权夺利,但此时大敌当前,不得不暂弃前嫌,共同对敌。蒋介石见甘、宁、青三省军政大员一致反对孙部西进,便于1933年底宣布撤销孙殿英“青海西区屯垦督办”职务,让他“暂住原地,再待后命。
1934年1月,进退维谷的孙殿英当机立断,向部队下达了进攻宁夏的命令。西北绥靖主任朱绍良立即拼凑起一支“联军”,以马鸿逵、马鸿宾、马步芳、马步青诸部为左翼军,以甘肃地方部队邓宝珊部等为右翼军,以中央军胡宗南第一师为总预备队,共同抗击孙殿英。实际上,联军中的右翼军与总预备队仅是遥为支援,真正与孙殿英作战的,只有“四马”的左翼军。四马拒孙总兵力约6万余人。而孙殿英也有6万余人的兵力,双方旗鼓相当。孙殿英前后攻城一月有余,始终未能攻下银川城。孙殿英见内无粮草,外无援兵,遂于3月19日下令总退却。孙殿英残部后来被阎锡山和委员长等人收编。
马步芳阴沉持重,极富心计。在二十多年的政治军事生涯中,无论是操控内部还是周旋中央政府,他处事果决,思虑周密,诸事分寸把握有度,拿捏得当,同时各种手段无所不用其极。内,顺我者昌逆我者亡,踢开叔父兄长,独揽青马军政大权,恩威并重统驭宗亲部属;外,授封疆大吏,以甘、青为根据地,浸染新疆西藏,征伐藏区。他做的每件事都可为自身和其“团体”攫取最大利益。马步芳他曾公开说:“生我、我生者外无不奸。”部属的妻女,自己家族的胞妹、侄女、兄嫂、弟媳,都难逃他的魔爪。
就这样的一个人我们能让
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