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零点看书吧 > 穿越小说 > 洪武生存指南 > 正文 第008章:故意跑题

正文 第008章:故意跑题(第3页/共3页)

元璋斜过来一眼:“莫要拍马,快些着说。”

朱塬:“……”

刚刚讨论郑国渠典故,朱元璋出口成章,朱塬忍住了,这次是真心而发,没想到……

果然。

主动忽略这个不和谐的小插曲,朱塬道:“殿下读史,应该有种感觉,百年之王朝,千年之世家。为何王朝轮替,而世家动辄传续千年?”

说到这里,朱塬正要再卖个关子,见老朱斜斜瞄过来,立刻主动继续:“以经济学解释,原因在于,相比王朝,世家直接掌握了大量土地、矿产、山川、河流等‘生产资料’,甚至于还有成千上万直接依附世家生存的‘生产者’。这就构成了一个完整的可供大族存续的生产体系。直接控制的完整生产体系,不仅让世家得以千载存续,若遇乱世,还有望乘势而起,逐鹿天下。秦末项氏,唐之李氏,都是其中典范,只是二者一败一成,际遇不同。”

朱元璋听到这里,略有疑惑:“照你所说,秦速亡原因之二,乃世族?”

老朱的回答有些偏离今晚的经济学主题,但恰中朱塬下怀。

因为刚刚悄然定下的思路,接下来就是要跑题,尽可能不再多说自己的经济之学,而是转向历史,转向政治,转向其他乱七八糟。

不过,朱塬也不能太明显乱跑题,毕竟身边这位可不是个笨人,因此道:“对,也不对。殿下,秦速亡原因之二,在于失去对国家生产体系之控制,而这些又往往被世族直接掌握,结果此消彼长。臣记得有句俗话,叫做‘当兵吃粮’,谁人能拿出粮食,谁人自然就能募集兵士。乱世之际,朝政往往废弛,无力收缴税赋,养兵亦无从谈起。而地方世族直接掌握完整生产体系,自然因粮足而有精兵。”

朱元璋听到这里,莫名想到了郭子兴,想到了今年刚刚被他灭掉的张士诚,当初,两人都是地方大族出身,因此得以起兵。

不过,朱元璋依旧疑惑:“秦不比元廷,当时国势依旧巅峰,却为何会失去,嗯……对国家生产体系之控制?”

朱塬不需思考,脱口道:“原因在郡县制!”

朱元璋再次看过来:“郡县制?”

朱塬再次示意壁上画卷:“殿下再看此图,社会之发展,必然有一个循序渐进的过程,不能一蹴而就。秦皇灭六国,废除分封,设立郡县,从此天下一统,此对我华夏乃大功也。然则,任何制度改变,都需要一个自上而下的缓慢调整接受过程,国家越大,越是如此,否则必然生乱。秦皇设郡县,看似将天下所有权力收于咸阳,但是,这一改变缺少一个需要数十上百年才可形成的成熟官僚体系进行配合,秦皇做的太急,结果,看似收权,实为失控。”

朱元璋再次恍然。

朱塬稍微迟疑,主动继续:“作为对比,时间来到汉朝,高祖刘邦重回分封制度,但又改为只限同姓封王,避免天下分裂,且郡县与分封共存,形成缓冲,因此让西汉国祚绵延两百年。再至东汉,光武帝得天下,郡县制度已然成熟,为防西汉七王之乱,继续执行汉武之推恩令,彻底压制宗室,东汉国祚于是又得以绵延两百年。”

关于这一段,朱塬是不想提的。

因为朱塬并不赞成曾经历史上朱元璋对诸子的分封。

不过,现在的问题,还是要过了今晚再说。而且,就算朱塬不提,有些事情,他也不一定能改变。

朱塬这番话,果然让朱元璋再次陷入了较长时间的思索。足足过了半盏茶功夫,朱塬才听到老朱重新开口道:“接着说罢。” 『加入书签,方便阅读』

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