《大清疆臣。》 第六百六十二章 阮元最后的演讲(第2页/共3页)
前辈兴学典故，竟不知这‘实事求是’竟是何种蕴意。今日能得阮太傅指教，或许各位心中的疑惑，便可以解开了。阮太傅，我也知道您一生言行之根本，便在于实事求是，那今日咱们就从这四个字开始，为大家传道解惑吧？”
“潘中堂所言，确实有道理啊。既然四阿哥和潘中堂今日盛情相邀，那我就为大家讲一讲这‘实事求是’四字，竟是何意吧。”阮元这时却也渐渐清楚，只有把自己为官、治学的根本之道悉数传授于后学，才能在后辈心中留下重振国家，再兴盛世的希望。潘世恩提到“实事求是”四字，正是一个最好的开端，便即言道：“其实潘中堂方才所言不错，在我遇到的后学之中，也确实有些人对这‘实事求是’四字颇有疑惑。是啊，如今治学之人，人人都在讲这四个字，可这四个字究竟是什么含意，口中不离‘实事求是’四字之人，其实践实行，便果然是‘实事求是’吗？或许不然。所谓实事求是，还是要从治经之法说起。”
“‘实事求是’这四个字，原本出自《汉书》，是班孟坚对河间献王治学之道的评价，这个词语并非国朝之人独创，那为何到了国朝，却突然再度兴起，以至于如今天下之人，皆言‘实事求是’呢？其实在于前朝士人，往往束书不读，讲论经典，唯凭己见，不通训诂，不能明圣贤之本意，汉儒治经之语，一概弃如敝屣，最后的结果，便是世风日下，终致不可匡救。是以国朝诸儒惩前朝衰亡之弊，凡所言及经典，俱要言而有据，上溯前贤经典之源，下启国朝新知，这便是最初的‘实事求是’。所以实事求是的根本，在于如实详解先贤之圣道，若只是满口盛言实事求是四个字，所做所为却不过是琐碎的考证，甚至一味堆砌经典，只为自炫其技，那便是舍本逐末，反而失了‘实事求是’之道了。”
“或许各位还有个疑问，所谓前贤圣道，竟是何物？所谓训诂考据，能否将前贤隐晦之道，一一重现于世呢？其实这‘实事求是’只是治学之道，治学另有其法，便是‘博学而算’。何为博学？凡一言一语，前朝宿儒各有见解，那么就要将这些见解尽数查探清楚，何为‘算’？便是要从中择选，要有自己的分辨能力，有才能之人，自然可以从中看出正确的解释，才学不足之辈，或许便会惑于众见，不能抉择，甚至自立险怪新说，诳惑众人，那便是入了歧途。对于治学而言，这‘博学’与‘算’，其实是一样重要的。”
“所以说，治学之难，其实不仅仅在于博学，更在于才能，那么所谓‘才能’，又是从何而来呢？那便是实践实行了，圣贤尝言格物致知，何为格物，所谓物，便是指天下万事，圣贤有言‘一以贯之’，又是何意，便是持之以恒的实践，切莫惑于‘顿悟’之道，竟而荒废了实行。那么各位或许也会问我，各位只是举人，还没有做官，这实践从何而来呢？所谓实践，原本皆是日用之事，人生而有父母，便当以尊亲为念，此为孝，入学读书，便有师友，相与而尽忠恕之道，此为仁，所谓仁孝，并非只是人心中的善念，若是不能使父母尊荣，不能与师友相互友爱，那是算不得仁孝的。”
“实践实行，本于仁孝，若是各位日后有幸为官，入朝为卿贰，直省做督抚，那么世间万事，便俱是实践。如今后学之间，多有言及‘经世致用’之人，经世致用，自然是没有错的，可是读书人要如何经世致用呢？只读几部农田水利、漕运盐政之书，便可以了解现实中稼穑之艰难，漕盐之利弊了吗？其实不是，许多旧日奏疏，所言之事，与今日已是天壤之别，刻舟求剑，岂可得乎？所以若是各位果然有为官治民的那一日，便要勤于钱谷刑名之事，相询直省府县风俗之善恶，广交士人，以知政事之利弊，其善者择而从之，其不善者更革以新制，如此方才是真正的经世致用啊。为官治事，自也要以学问为基础，不知算学，如何观一省之钱粮？如何不被下吏所蒙蔽？不通地理，又如何兴修水利？是以我曾修《畴人传》一部，成《广东通志》一部，只因这天算水地，同样是实事求是之学啊？到了那个时候，
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