正文 82贰师将军(第2页/共3页)
武帝封为文成将军。
俗话说得好，日有所思，夜有所梦，武帝思恋李夫人，一日梦见李夫人冉冉至前，手携一物赠与武帝，口中说道：“此乃蘅芜之香。”武帝接过，正欲开言动问，忽然惊醒，回忆梦境，历历如在目前。又闻得一股香气芬芳扑鼻。记起李夫人梦中所赠之香，到处摸索，却并不见。但只是枕席衣襟沾染香气，经月不歇，因此改卧室为遗芳梦室。
武帝自得梦后怀思转切，又想到李夫人病中嘱托之言，遂拜其兄李延年为协律都尉。李夫人还有个弟弟名叫李广利，可是按照汉朝的祖制，无功不封侯，武帝欲使他立功以便封赏，恰好这时候来了机会。
原来张骞出使西域，沟通了汉与西域的往来。当时西域有数十小国，受匈奴的奴役，不堪其苦。张骞通西域后，他们才知道东方有一个汉帝国，不仅疆土广大，国家强盛，而且有高度的文化，十分富裕，便纷纷到汉朝来朝拜，进贡方物，推尊汉朝，自愿依附，以摆脱匈奴的役使。汉武帝也有意向他们展示国威，对来朝拜的使者隆重接待，酒池肉林，筵宴丰盛，还赏赐许多金银绸缎，并让他们参观各个仓库的丰富的积蓄，长安街市的繁华，观看精彩的角抵百戏。使者们都为大汉国力的强大，财富之丰裕，文化之异彩而惊骇奇异，感叹叫绝。由此来朝的国家更多，使者往来，不绝于道。
其中有个大宛国，有人口三十万，军队六万，自认为距离大汉帝国很远，中间又隔着一个广大的沙漠，其间草木不生，河流绝少，渺无人烟，行旅尚且困难，大军更无法通过，所以独不派使者朝汉。而出使大宛的使者却又回来报告说:“大宛有好马，大宛王毋寡把它们藏在贰师城，不肯献给汉使。”再圣明的帝王都有声色犬马之好，周穆王有八骏，唐太宗有六骏。汉武帝也最喜欢马。于是铸金为马，并加千金，使壮士车令等齐往大宛，愿易贰师城宝马。
车令等奉命到了大宛，传达武帝之言，宛王与其大臣会议此事。原来大宛与汉交通有年，多有中国之物，见了金马并不稀罕，于是彼此议道：“汉离我国甚远，中经盐水，若绕道北行，则有匈奴为寇；南行又乏水草，且无人居，往往绝食。汉使每来一行数百人，常因饥饿死者过半，大兵岂能到此？况贰师马乃我国宝马，不可轻易与人。”遂辞绝使者。使者见事不成空自往来，不由大怒。当着宛国大臣的面将金马椎成碎屑，携之而去。大宛国觉得汉使砸烂金马是对大宛的侮辱，于是就让东边的郁成王半路拦截汉使，并且抢了汉使的财物杀害了汉使。有几个从人幸得脱逃，回国报知武帝。武帝大怒，便拜李广利为贰师将军，教他往贰师城取马。
李广利率领将士出玉门，经盐泽，沿途统是沙碛，共长一千三百里，草木不生，水又咸苦不可饮。且四望漫漫，并无一定道路，汉兵忍不住饥渴，往往倒毙，及抵郁成，李广利点检人马只余数千，且都疲乏饥饿面无人色。郁成王闻信闭城拒守。李广利挥兵攻城，城中出兵迎击。汉兵虽拚死力斗，究竟食少势孤不能取胜，又折伤了一半人马。
李广利乘夜悄悄退去，又经过许多跋涉方到敦煌。往来行了二年，生还之人不过十之一二。李广利使人上书武帝，备言路远乏食，兵士不苦战斗但苦饥饿，现在人少不足破宛，请暂罢兵，俟添发军队再行前往。
武帝征宛满拟指日成功，谁知李广利反请
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