正文 41白登之围(第2页/共3页)
此事遍问群臣,群臣以为此地无甚关系,或言可与,或言勿与。冒顿大怒说道:“土地乃国之根本,如何轻易与人,群臣中有言可与者,尽行推出斩首。”说完立时披挂上马,下令国中兵队即日随从进发,如有落后者皆斩。冒顿匹马当先,领着兵队直向东胡杀去。东胡国王本来看轻冒顿不曾设备,忽闻冒顿大兵到来,仓皇迎敌连战连败。
冒顿乘胜灭了东胡杀死国王,掳其人民畜产归国。冒顿乘胜进兵,西破月氏,南破楼烦,尽夺蒙恬所得故地,又侵入中国燕、代等地。此时中国正值楚汉战争,无暇顾及外患,所以匈奴日见强大。
提起韩信,很多人第一印象就会想到淮阴侯韩信。不过出生在同一个时代的还有另一个韩信,他们名字相同,命运轨迹也相似。
韩王信同样名为韩信,只是为了区别所以被称为韩王信。相较于韩信而言,韩王信虽然没有像韩信一样出名,但他的战绩同样不容小觑。韩信是原来韩襄王的庶出孙子,据史书记载,韩王信身高八尺五寸,但秦灭六国之后,他便也失去了往日的荣华富贵。面对六国纷纷复出,项梁立韩成为王,项梁战死后韩成投奔了楚怀王。直到刘邦带军队进攻阳城,韩信遇到了张良才登上秦末的历史舞台,他被任命为韩国将军,追随刘邦从南路进军,并跟随他入关灭秦。
项羽西入关中灭秦之后,大封天下十八路诸侯,韩成求取韩王之位被项羽拒绝,最后被项羽废黜并杀害,改封郑昌为韩王。之后刘邦在韩信的帮助下东进,汉二年,韩王信奉命攻略韩国故地,并击灭、擒获郑昌。韩信在刘邦的授意下成为了韩王。在之后的楚汉争霸中,韩信对刘邦也是中心耿耿,为刘邦立下了汗马功劳。在大汉五年韩信又被封为韩王,在韩王位上三进宫。
公元前202年,刘邦正式称帝,建立了汉朝。刘邦正式封韩王信为韩王,最初封地在颍川。尽管刘邦兑现了当初自己许下的承诺,但刘邦还是害怕韩王信会威胁到汉朝的稳定,在建国次年,便将韩王信的封地改到了太原以北,以防备、抵抗匈奴。韩王信随后上书表示为了更好抵御匈奴,请求建都马邑,刘邦同意了。高祖六年秋,冒顿起兵来侵,竟将马邑围住。韩王信遣人向高祖求救,高祖立即发兵。韩王信恐汉兵路远救应不及,又屡次遣使到冒顿军中求和。刘邦对此极为不满,并怀疑此次军事行动的失败,完全是因为韩王信与匈奴勾结,于是暗中谋划对策,准备除掉韩王信。韩王信害怕被杀,于是便把国都马邑拿出来投降匈奴,并且约好共同攻打汉朝。
公元前200年冬,刘邦亲率32万大军攻打匈奴并准备平定韩王信,刘邦开始打得很顺利,很快就击溃了韩王信的军队,对阵匈奴也是连连胜利,可是当刘邦向北行进到平城时,却被冒顿单于率领的四十万精锐骑兵包围于白登山上,并且派大兵分扎在各个路口截住汉兵后援。高祖登上山头向四面眺望,只见四面八方都有匈奴的骑兵屯驻把守。
当时正值天气严寒,连日雨雪不断。高祖和将士们都冻得手脚发僵。被围了3天后,粮食也快吃完了,汉军饥寒交迫危在旦夕。被围到第7天时,陈平忽然又生妙计。他看到冒顿单于对新得的阏氏十分宠爱,朝夕不离。这次在山下扎营,经常和阏氏一起骑马进进出出,浅笑低语情深意笃。心想冒顿虽然能出奇制胜,但也不免被妇人所惑,于是他派遣使臣乘雾下山,然后悄悄走进阏氏帐篷,向她献上许多金银珠宝,另外取出一幅图画,说是请阏氏转给冒顿单于的。
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