正文 6焚书坑儒(第2页/共3页)
所；在关外者四百余所。
秦始皇有如此多的离宫别苑，已是游玩不尽。今又想起：“咸阳正宫乃是先代建筑，当时不过是一国诸侯，规模自然狭隘。今我既为天子，所有文武官吏以及随从人等增加甚多。每遇正式朝会宴享人众拥挤不开，必须另外建造一个极大宫殿，以壮观瞻。”
始皇便将渭水当作天河，就水上建筑一桥。桥阔六丈，长二百八十步。渡过渭水建一宫殿，东西八百里，南北四百里。名曰“阿房宫”。唐人杜牧有《阿房宫赋》，其文大意如下：六王毕，四海一。蜀山兀，阿房出。。。。。。灭六国者，六国也，非秦也。族秦者，秦也，非天下也。嗟夫！使六国各爱其人，则足以拒秦；秦复爱六国之人，则递三世可至万世而为君，谁人得而族灭也？秦人不暇自哀，而后人哀之。后人哀之而不鉴之，亦使后人而复哀后人也！
此赋形容阿房宫之大，淋漓尽致，可谓古今中外第一大宫矣！
一日始皇驾到梁山宫登山游玩，忽见一队车马由山下经过，前呼后拥十分显赫。始皇问是何人？左右回奏道：“是丞相。”始皇对左右说：“我从未见过丞相出门，原来如此威风啊！”言下露出不悦之气。其时丞相不知始皇就在山上，安然过去。始皇身边一个近侍素与丞相亲密，见始皇不喜，暗地遣人飞报丞相。丞相得知后吃惊不小。过了数日始皇又一次遇见丞相，觉得随从人马比以前减少许多，心想必是近侍泄漏吾言。遂立唤近侍至前逐一诘问，大众皆不承认。始皇大怒，叱令武士将前日随从、近侍一概缚出斩首。余人吓得胆战心寒不敢多口。
以后始皇游行所在无人得知。
却说一日卢生与侯生等人密议道：“主上天性刚戾喜用严刑，又贪恋权势，不肯恬淡无为。我辈不能为之求仙寻药，不如弃之而去。”二人议定，遂结伴逃走。
事后有人将两人逃走的消息并临行言语报与始皇。始皇闻知拍案大怒道：“我平日希望求长生，致太平，费钱无数，对于卢生诸人尤加礼貌优给赏赐。现在竟敢出言诽谤！必须拿获处以重刑，方泄我忿！”于是通令各地严密查捕。各地官吏奉命四出访拿，竟未寻获。
始皇心中痛恨卢生诸人，偏偏被他逃脱无处泄忿。忽想起二人本是儒生，遂迁怒到一班儒生身上。便下诏命御史将在京儒生一律传到，逐人究问，有无造言惑众？一班儒生中有平日喜发议论者，便坐以诽谤之罪。辗转牵引连累之人不计其数。御史将案情供词复奏，始皇自行按名定罪，共有四百六十余人定了死罪，一律正法咸阳市上。
扶苏是秦始皇的长子，刚毅勇武，素有仁爱之心，当时所有的大臣包括秦始皇都对这个公子扶苏很是满意，曾经的扶苏是离秦朝二世皇帝最近的人，如果扶苏能够继位成帝，或许秦朝的国祚不会只有短暂的十余年。
扶苏居心仁厚。每遇始皇残暴行为常行谏阻。今见始皇杀死无数儒生，便进言道：“现在天下初定，远方人民尚未归心，一班儒生不过是诵法孔教，而陛下却用严厉的刑法处置他们，臣担心天下会因此不安定。希望陛下明察。”秦始皇大怒，不但不听，反厌扶苏多言。于是将他发配到上郡监督蒙恬的大军，协助蒙恬修筑万里长城，抵御北方的游牧民族匈奴。
始皇怒犹未息，因见此次所杀儒生仅限咸阳一地。便想：“此等人各处都有，平日最喜摇唇鼓舌讥刺时政。如今闻我杀死多人，正是兔死狐悲物伤其类。诸人心中必然不服，不如趁此一律剿除。但若通令地方官究治，恐天下骚动或生变乱。且风声一露，狡猾者先期逃避，反多漏网。惟有用利禄诱之使来，然后不动声色一网打尽。”始皇想定主意，托词招致贤才，命各郡县征集儒生限期送京，听候录用。此诏一下，遂有许多贪图富贵之人如蚁慕膻，如蛾投火，纷纷来京。
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