正文 012 我的学说叫科学(下)(第1页/共3页)
“我这么说吧,道理是什么?道理也可以说是真理,像事物的唯一标准答案。比如说天圆地方,这是自古以来的道理。但按照我说的,对事物不断认识的态度。那真的是天圆地方吗?至少红毛夷人告诉我们说我们所在的世界如我们看到的月亮、太阳、星星一样是圆的圆球,而且他们有证据证明我们所在的世界就是圆的。那我们的世界到底是天圆地方还是个圆球呢?”
“当然是天圆地方啊!”陈维崧急急的说道,这简直要颠破他的世界观了,由不得他不反驳。
其他几人也是如此神情。
“好,按照我说的方式就是对事务的不断认识,即我既不认为天圆地方,也不认为地球是圆的,而是通过对这个事物不断的去认识证明这个世界是什么样的。比如通过测量的方式,比如通过计算的方式,再比如如果世界是圆的那我们沿着一个方向一直走总有一天会回到我们出发的地点,对不对?”
众人听杨子正这么一说点了点头。
“没错,这就是我说的对事物的不断认识,只有不断的认识才能找到真理。第二,在对事物不断认识的过程中去寻找事物的发展规律。比如我之前说的,历史上的新王朝出现的规律,一开始总是在推翻腐朽不公平的王朝,然后是王朝鼎盛,最后是王朝衰败,这是王朝的历史规律。再比如先人们通过对时间的不断观测,总结出了一年四季的规律,并通过农事生产总结出了二十四节气的规律。这就是我说的发现事物规律的基础。”
“在对事物不断认识之后,再总结出规律,而且这些认识与规律是可以让人用实践的方式能加以证明的它是对的存的,那么这样的道理即是真正的真理。除此之外的所有假说都不是真理,只是假说而已。比如说鬼神,除非用事实证明了,且大家通过实践可以看到,那么就证明的鬼神的存在,如果不能用实践证明,那就是不存在的。”
“比如我之前提的对水的疑问,这就是对水的不断的认识,以及发现水的规律,且用实践可以证明。如水在正常情况下是流动的液体,但经过火或太阳又或者冷天的作用下,水会变成水雾气,或冰霜。发现了这种规律之后,任何人都可以通过实践证明水的这三种状态。”
“这就是我的想法,并不是什么泰州学派,也不是心学派,儒学派,更不是别的学派。”
要想把科学的道理解释清楚真是不容易的,杨子正说得口干舌燥,说完后,他急喝了一杯酒润润喉。
“那你怎么证明道德的存在?”方以智一语中的,直接要害。
“方叔,道德不是事物,不是如天地以及金木水火土,动植物一样实实在在看得见摸得着存在的事物。事实上道德是不存在的,道德只是某个族群共同生活时对每个人的行为的准则和规范,然后这个规范通过人们
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