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正文 第二十二章夺门之变(第1页/共3页)

“皇帝对宦官的宠爱导致了宦官的专制权力。那时,如果大臣想见朱祁镇,就必须给王振公公一份礼物,如果王振觉得礼物可以,大臣就能顺利见到皇帝,如果他觉得礼物不够贵重,更别说想见皇帝,大臣会直接被扔出去,因为这个礼物,一些地方官员几年都见不到皇帝一次。”

在一次当地官员上表说瓦剌经常骚扰明朝的百姓时,这件事让太监王振知道了,他跑过去鼓动朱祁镇,对朱祁镇说:“陛下,为了早点证明您的能力,我建议您亲自带军队去征服瓦剌。”

“那时朱祁镇二十多岁,正是一个血气方刚的时代。听了王振的建议后,他不顾大臣的反对,想效仿父亲朱瞻基在战场上建功立业。但这个朱祁镇可能是当上皇帝膨胀了,他根本不会打仗,也不懂兵法,但还是要御驾亲征。”

“皇帝一心要亲自带兵征服瓦剌,大臣们也阻止不了,阻止不了怎么办?只得让朱祁镇由着性子来。”

“就这样,朱祁镇集结了明朝的50万兵马开始出征。后来在明军毫无防备的时候,瓦剌也先果断带人进攻,朱祁镇看到这突如其来的攻击时直接慌了,拼命呼喊保驾,导致明军惨败,损失20万精英,跟随的几十名文武官员全都殉国,史称土木堡之战。朱祁镇一战把明朝几代人攒下的积蓄全部化为乌有,这也是后世亲切地称他为“大明战神”的原因。”

“这一战,跟随明英宗出征的明军中央军精锐全军覆没,火器营的损失更是直接影响了明朝未来的火器发展进程。”

“在“土木堡之变”前,明朝经过明太祖朱元璋和明成祖朱棣时期的多次北征,削弱了草原游牧民族的武装力量,对草原游牧民族采取的是积极防御的战略态势,明军依托长城和长城内外的城堡构成了一条拱卫京城的战略防御地带。”

“土木堡之变”后,明朝收缩防线,在长城以外的军事据点几乎全部丧失,长城成了“第一线”,一旦被突破就会面临着被动的局面,几乎丧失了出击的主动权,这直接导致了明朝走向保守和焦点对内,直接由积极防御变成被动防守。”

““土木堡之变”对明朝来说是突然的灾难,连皇帝都被敌人抓走了。皇帝被俘,瓦剌利用明英宗叩关内侵,危急关头,明朝在于谦的带领下推举了朱祁镇的弟弟朱祁钰为新的皇帝。”

“原本朱祁钰只是个藩王,皇位轮不到他,“土木堡之变”让他登上了皇位,不过此人确实有大德,在瓦刺即将覆灭皇城之时,他重用贤才,强行挽回了大明。”

“本来事情告一段落,可谁知继位的朱祁钰病重,于是朱祁镇再次产生了一些念头,有些得不到重视的官员,为了得到从龙之功,要重新复立朱祁镇为帝,发动了“夺门之变”。”

“土木堡之变”造成的朱祁钰意外继位,夺门之变后,朱 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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