正文 庾亮 只有时间能医骄傲这种“病”(第1页/共3页)
王导活了一辈子,在大多数时候都很从容。王敦叛乱,哪怕他和剩下的琅琊王家人差点被朝廷杀了祭旗,跪在晋元帝门口求情的时候,他也风仪不变。倒是在晚年庾亮得势时,他曾经用麈尾扇掩着鼻子,嫌弃地挡住庾亮车过带起的尘埃,对人说:“元规尘污人。”元规是庾亮的字。这话流传很广,让一向淡定的王导显得颇有几分怨毒。
这样的过节发生在庾亮和王导身上,其实很奇怪。文人相轻是中国人的传统,但是顶多是心里互不买账,脸上还是要客客气气过得去。像是司马光和王安石那样撕破了脸皮,各自为党,互相骂骂咧咧的只是少数极品。况且,庾亮和王导都是贵族子弟,年轻的时候在各大沙龙也曾抬头不见低头见。王导曾经说过,他和庾亮是年轻时候的发小——布衣之好。到了东晋渡江,实际上还是一条战线的:琅琊王司马睿成为晋元帝之前,王导建议的为组织朝廷准备的人才库“百六掾”中,庾亮是秘书长,大家一道为了和江南的士族搞好关系而尽心工作。
庾亮在大是大非的问题上也一直对王导不错:晋元帝晚年被王敦欺负得很惨,猛然醒悟皇帝要有个皇帝的样子,不能被权臣给架空了。可是自己半截身子已经入了土,只好教导儿子将来长大别被大臣欺负,尤其别被王家人给牵着鼻子走。于是针对王导提出的“能忍则忍,息事宁人”的治国策略,给当时还是太子的晋明帝送了一堆申不害、韩非子等法家人物的代表作。这些人都是全面主张严刑峻法,教导君主用铁腕手段驾驭臣子的。庾亮的妹妹是太子妃,庾亮和太子算是发小,关系不错。看到太子在读这些书,立刻警告他说,申不害、韩非这些人刻薄,有伤风化,不可以学这一套。言下之意,是力挺王导“无为而治”的黄老手段。
庾亮这个人,也不是一个心胸狭窄、不好相处的人。相反,庾亮属于那种让人很舒服的哲人,风度翩翩。他在武昌做太尉的时候,一个秋高气爽、明月朗照的夜晚,他的下属们曾经在南楼这个地方作诗玩乐。玩了一会儿,听到有木屐的声音,从小道上嗒嗒而来,大家一看,是庾亮带着十来个随从慢慢踱过来。众人赶紧下去,准备按照下级见到上级的礼仪避让。庾亮却慢慢道,“各位请坐,我今天运气真不错,能听到你们作诗。”说着往躺椅上一坐,挥了挥手,和下属们一起玩乐起来。
如沐春风,就是庾亮给人的感觉。
庾亮年轻的时候就被人比作是庙堂上的宝玉,有经世治国的才能。他介于哲学家的顶真和俗人的市侩之间,他不像玄学家那么虚无清高,也不像儒家的信徒那样在对事功的追逐间迷失自我。这样的特质,是总理胚子,有人缘。庾亮青年时候的好朋友温峤,隔三差五就要赌一赌,手气又不好。赌输了就总大喊,庾亮啊,快来替我还钱!庾亮每次都乖乖替他还钱去。后来庾亮被苏峻打败,正是温峤的收留让他能够东山再起。“苏峻之乱”的时候,庾亮去投奔陶侃。陶侃是个节俭到有点吝啬的人,请庾亮吃韭菜。《本草纲目》说韭菜这个东西,春食则香,夏食则臭,其实不太合适待客。但是庾亮却吃得很自然,最后留下韭菜根——韭白。陶侃一看有人浪费,脸色立刻就不好了。问庾亮为什么。庾亮从容说,把它留下来,可以下一季再播种。陶侃听了特别高兴,原本想要杀了庾亮讨苏峻的欢心,后来反而帮助了庾亮。
庾亮不仅风度好,还颇有礼贤下士的古贤人风范。庾亮执政的时候,想要起用周子南。可是老周是个不肯当官的人,每次庾亮一来他就跑。结果有次被庾亮堵在屋子里,跑不掉了,就拿出特别难吃的蔬菜“招待”他,庾亮也吃得挺高兴的。周子南被感动,结果就出来做了官。这样一个搞政治的天才,却又对政治表现出了一种若即若离的态度。庾亮的大舅子晋明帝曾经邀请他出来做官。他呢,反而上了一封长长的表,
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