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正文 七十四、功在千秋试比高(第1页/共3页)

随着分封结束,各侯国并立且不断发展壮大,彼此间的劳动分工也开始初步显现。部分侯国平原狭小,且集中了更多工匠,因此石器、木器、玉器、陶器等工业制造较为发达;部分拥有更多平原的侯国,则专注于农牧业,有的开垦更多的农田,大力种植国王说的两种“宝贝”作物——虽然到现在一口没吃上;有的则以畜牧业为主,保留了大量草甸、草原,饲养牛、羊、马等国家亟需的牲畜;有的郡、国拥有大片森林,一时间无法或者不想全部砍伐的,则依然保留了狩猎采集这个“支柱产业”,提供各种野生动物制品和水果。最特殊的便是远离大陆的海国,以一诸侯国之力承担了整个尼国几乎全部的铜矿业和造船业,其他行业基本放弃发展,转而利用贸易,用铜器和船只同其他国家交换食物和工业品。

由于社会分工开始出现,各侯国、各郡之间的贸易往来逐渐频繁,暴露出困扰现阶段尼国发展的最大短板之一——道路运输。

此前,各国间的运输主要依靠内河航运。欧洲大陆水网密布,我们现在虽局促于伊比利亚半岛一隅,但西班牙地区能够利用的河流依然众多。此前,海国向大陆诸国提供了一大批内河船只后,各国已经开始尝试采用简单的河流运输物资了。不得不说,比由牲畜驼行运输成本降低了不少。

很快,靠近河流的地区人口开始聚集,而远离河流则有诸多不便——即便是后世华夏各王朝大力整修“官道”,陆路运输的成本仍是水路运输的十倍,更遑论当下的陆地林木丛生、草场茂密、蚊虫野兽众多,别说人进去容易迷路,连传递消息的骑兵队有时完全就是在齐腰的草丛里勉强趟出一条路,只有森林、草甸边沿和靠近河流的低地,才能勉强用马、牛等牲畜进行长距离运输——就像我当年的东行,以及各盟西进、南迁时那样,只能挑路况相对好一些的地方慢慢走。

久而久之,河流沿岸和沿海地区繁荣,陆地内部荒芜的弊端便会显现,这既无法将各地资源利用到最佳,也不利于全国一盘棋的发展。因此,修筑“尼驰道”、“尼直道”和各类官道的工程需要加紧上马了——重要性还要排在修筑新城特别是新尼都之前,毕竟目前国家不会遭受进攻,现有木头城的数量也够用了。修筑道路网之后,陆路运输将成为水路运输的有力补充,各侯国的分工将进一步分化——大规模生产的前提便是分工的不断细化。

早在分封侯国之前,各个城周围的道路整修工作便由城主组织城内外居民自发开始了。一般来说,先铺设城中的泥土道路,供市民行走,然后道路经过城门向外不断延伸,并将城外重要的村落、据点一一连接起来,使城中生产的工业品、器具和乡村的食物能够进行有效运输和交换。每当特定日子,城外的居民便会牵牛赶羊,踏着城周边的道路进入城内制定的市场区域交换,并带走他们需要的物资。

不过,这些道路辐射地方很窄,且早期的泥土路过于简陋,时常会杂草丛生,甚至长出树来,迫使商队绕 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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