正文 第七十三章可怜天下父母心【求收藏追读】(第1页/共4页)
不管是现代战争,还是古代战争,后勤都是极其重要的物质保障。
俗话说,兵马未动,粮草先行,这充分说明了后勤的重要性。
屯田制在后世并不新鲜。
不仅在创立之初起到了一定的积极作用,还为后世开创了一种大规模的“寓兵于农,兵农合一”的先例,被历代统治阶级不同程度地效仿。
南北朝时期,唐,宋,元,明,清时期,都在边疆大规模地推行屯田制。
而屯田制,最早起源于西汉时期。
汉文帝用罪犯,奴婢和招募农民的手段,戍边屯田。
到了汉武帝时期,便开始调发大批戍卒在西域屯田。
但那时候的屯田,主要集中在边陲,方式比较简单。
就是军队屯田,而且规模也比较小。
真正大规模的屯田,要从曹操开始。
公元196年,曹操击败了颍川汝南的黄巾军,夺得了一大批耕牛,农具和劳动力。
枣祗和韩浩建议曹操设置屯田,国家将耕牛借给百姓,用于农耕,并按规定收租。
曹操采纳了这一建议,任命枣祗为屯田都尉,在许昌周边招募百姓屯田,兴修水利,当年就收获了万斛粮食。
屯田制的实行,不仅为曹操解决了军粮的问题,还对安置难民,恢复农业生产发挥了重要的作用。
在当时的社会,由于战争连年不断,造成了大量的难民。
社会生产力也遭到了极大的破坏,土地荒芜,人口锐减,粮食短缺。
灾荒年间,有的郡甚至出现相互换孩子吃的现象。
“白骨露於野,千里无鸡鸣。生民百遗一,念之断人肠”。
这是来自曹操《蒿里行》的诗句,是对当时社会现状的真实写照。
一方面是大量难民食不果腹,一方面是大片荒地无人开垦,曹操的屯田制把这些难民安置在国家土地上,从事生产工作。
他们辛勤劳动,向朝廷缴纳租税。
难民有了收入,朝廷也有了税收来源。
屯田制的实施,使长期遭受战争破坏的北方农业生产得以恢复,并快速稳定下来。
失去土地的农民又重新回到土地上,许多荒芜的农田被开垦,使国库积存了大量的粮食。
这种情况与秦初的
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