正文 关于侯方域失节探讨(第1页/共2页)
侯方域向张存仁献策之事，在《清史-张存仁传》中有提及。
“……存仁闻归德侯方域才，贻书咨治盗策，方域具以对。存仁用其计，盗悉平。”
是书信来往，并没有见面。
那么用其计，又是什么计呢？
《上三省督府剿抚议》中有明确记载：侯方域向张存仁提了五剿五抚一共十条建议。
五条剿议是：通剿穴，绝径路，因粮食，鼓敌忾，散敌援。
这五条建议都是两军交战所采取的必要方式，沙场老将张存仁不会不知，根本不用侯方域这个后生小子提醒。
五条抚议是：固根本，昭激劝，简精锐，信号令，责屯种。
固根本是严防投降的起义军再反叛，昭激劝是善待投降的起义军，简精锐则是从投降者中挑选精兵，其余放归回乡，信号令是对回乡的投降者采取监视措施，责屯种是责令归乡的投降者安心耕种。
老实说，这十条建议，尤其是后五条建议如果明末各地的督抚大人们能够严格执行，就不会有那么多降而复叛的农民军了。尤其是第三条的简精锐和第四条的信号令，如果当初熊文灿能够实施，张献忠想叛也不敢叛，当然了，财政困窘，朝廷无力安置，也是明末不能执行这五策的重要原因。
这五条对明末的流贼有用，但对榆园起义军的用处却不大。
因为两场战争的性质完全不同，一个是为了吃饱饭，只要朝廷给恩惠，能活下去，小兵小卒都愿意回家务农，谁也不愿意过刀口舔血，朝不保夕的生活。
另一个却是满清削发令之后，汉人心中无法压制的愤怒，从而导致的民情大爆发。身体发肤，受之父母，不敢毁伤，孝之始也，《孝经·开宗明义章》就有说，因此榆园起义军虽然没有名将，也没有有名的大人物，却依然在三省之地卷起了大风云，张存仁想用侯方域的小恩小惠去瓦解起义军，几乎不可能成功、
这十条建议，看起来冠冕堂皇，其实却无有大用。
说这么多，只是想要证明一点，那就是侯方域还是有点军政之才的。
“火烧榆林”，“掘黄河以水灌榆园”都是张存仁所为，只因为清史一句模糊不清的话，就把帽子扣到侯方域的头上，是不负责的，侯方域和张存仁通信是在顺治七年，参加科举是顺治八年，水灌榆园也是在顺治八年，如果他真献此毒计，还用参加科举吗？清廷完全可以直接任命，而且会大书特书，用侯方域的名气瓦解汉人的军心士气。
再者，顺治八年之时，侯方域的好友方以智，黄宗羲，张煌言，阎尔梅正在
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