正文 第73章 唯义与利(第1页/共3页)
要知道张汉卿为了取信于这位老周,前前后后可是做了不少工作。作为前世老烟民,他深知香烟上的利润那是黑啊,不过没办法,谁让他吸上了这种一天不吸浑身难受的东西呢?今生呢,他自己的这副替身也不是什么好鸟,不但吸烟,瘾上来了连带上连大烟(鸦片)也用上了,鸦片上瘾连九一八事变都管不了了!当然此烟非彼烟,只是说明戒烟之不易。
自打烟草被“引进”中国后,这一行业的管理殊为不易。明朝人谈迁在《枣林杂俎》中也有一段较早记载烟草的文字:“金丝烟,出海外番国,曰淡巴菰 ,流入闽奥,名金丝烟。性燥有毒,能杀人。天启二年(1622),贵州道梗,借径广西,始移其种。叶似薤,长茎,采而干之,刃批如丝,今世及江南北。崇祯十六年(1643)敕禁,私贩至论死,而不能革也。”
看,死亦不能易其性,到清朝,吸烟益发成为一种时尚。为了从民间集钱,清末民初年间也不乏不识之士动过这个主意,建议国家由堵也变为疏,把它作为一种资源加以利用,于是有烟草税的提议。
后来成为民国第一任民选总理、号称民国第一流人才的熊希龄为解决增加政|府收入,在光绪三十三年(1907)前后,即先后上书户部尚书张百熙、度支部尚书载泽,呼吁清政|府尽快施行烟草制度。熊希龄在给载泽的信中说:“烟之,英、荷、日等国行之,而皆为国家一大宗之收入,固不以侵占民利为嫌也如纸烟一项,亦为今日绝大漏卮,目前如不设法,以后积重难返……”他认为,中国每年的税收很少,而烟属于奢侈品,加征烟税不仅对大多数人的利益没有什么影响,而且能增加国家收入,因此应仿效外国,对烟草实行制度。
但是,由于清政|府内外交困,根本无暇顾及烟草,尽管载泽等度支部大臣曾请教邮传部大臣盛宣怀有关烟草事宜,熊希龄的建议还是没有引起足够的重视。
袁世凯是看到这种好处并予以实施的第一人。还在直隶总督兼北洋大臣任上的第二年,他即在直隶加抽烟酒税,并向光绪建言在全国推广:“烟酒二项为民间嗜好所需,无关养生本计,重征尚无妨碍。”试行数月,得税款“已十数万”。
1912年,中华民国成立后,熊希龄担任内阁财政总长。翌年与梁启超、张謇等组阁,担任国务总理兼财政总长。当时社会上呼吁烟草的人很多,首先,钱宝钧、陈其昌等议员向民国政|府提出纸烟的议案;随后,上海三星纸烟公司总经理刘树森向熊希龄建议:与英美烟公司商议,将各种纸烟统一归政|府独占收买,由政|府加税售与人民;政|府与英美烟公司合资成立卷烟厂;如英美烟公司不同意上述建议,则由政|府在内地设立局,并筹款500万元,在天津、浦口、汉口三处设立卷烟厂,以示抵制。熊希龄同意了刘树森的建议,并派员赴上海进行协商。
为实行烟草制度,熊希龄曾派员赴日本考察。鉴于中国烟酒分销的情况,决定在实行烟草制度之前
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