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正文 049 可为案首(第1页/共3页)

沈忆宸誊抄之后,就把目光放在了第一道考题上面:百姓足,君孰与不足。

这道题是出自《论语·颜渊篇》,全文内容是哀公问于有若曰:“年饥,用不足,如之何?”

有若对曰:“盍彻乎?”

曰:“二,吾犹不足,如之何其彻也?”

对曰:“百姓足,君孰与不足?百姓不足,君孰与足?

出题官截取了最后一个回答中的片段,这也是古代八股文出题常用方式。

相对而言这次出题已经算很照顾考生了,至少截取的片段是完整的。要知道很多考官出题,这里凑两个字,那里凑两个字,整出一句连读都读不太顺通的考题。

这种阴间考题,也被称之为“截搭题”。

这段对话全文翻译过来的意思,大概就是鲁哀公问有若:“年成歉收,国家备用不足,该怎么办?”

有若回答:“为何不实行十分抽一的税率呢?”

鲁哀公说:“十分抽二都不够用,还去实行十分抽一?”

有若回道:“如果百姓用度充足,国君怎么会用度不足呢?如果百姓用度不足,国君又怎么会用度充足呢?”

八股文想要写得好,就必须把四书给扎扎实实的全文背诵下来,否则你不了解出题的前因后果,单单看截取的这段对话片段,是无法破题的。

不过很多时候就算知道了全文内容,想要破题精准也不是件容易的事情,现在沈忆宸就是如此。

单从字面内容来理解,这就是鲁哀公跟有若关于民生问题的讨论。提出身为统治者,利益得与人民利益保持一致性,只有让民众利益得到保障,统治者个人利益才能得意满足。

通篇所指向的方向,其实就是孔子的“仁政”思维。

但问题出来了,又该用怎样的方式去表达出来,代入圣人哪句言论合适呢?

另外还有更重要一点,这不是李庭修或者林震这样的先生考校,你只要解题精准,写的漂亮就行了。

这是县试,将由主考官周知县来评选,每个人都有自己的文风喜好不同。也就意味着在答的精准之外,还得对周知县的胃口,否则不一定能得高分。

这就是八股文章难的原因,很多时候不仅考虑文章,还得考虑人心。

犹豫许久,沈忆宸终究还是下笔了。

破题的第一句,他写下了民既富于下,君自富于上。这句话翻译过来的意思,就是如果在下的百姓已经富足,那么在上的国君也就自然会富足。

这道考题的核心思维,沈忆宸判断出来两点,第一点是国君应该关心民众疾苦,第二点就是藏富于民。

本来沈忆宸破题思路,是接近于第一点的,但是后来他想了想,国君关心民众疾苦这条思路,不太像是县试考官要表达的东西,更像会试选取国之栋梁,才会要求的思维方式。

所以他选择了藏富于民这条思路。

既然有了方向,那后面的承题、起讲等等文章,对于沈忆宸的难度就陡然降低。 『加入书签,方便阅读』
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